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Noah Webster's 1828 American Dictionary
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It is not only important, but, in a degree necessary, that the people of this country, should have an American Dictionary of the English language; for, although the body of the language is the same as in England, and it is desirable to perpetuate that sameness, yet some differences must exist. Language is the expression of ideas; and if the people of one country cannot preserve an identity of ideas, they cannot retain an identity of language. |
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1828 Definition
GUIN'EA, n. gin'ny. Formerly, a gold coin in Great Britain of the value of twenty one shillings sterling, equal to $4.66 2/3rds, American money.
1913 Definition
A district on the west coast of Africa
(formerly noted for its export of gold and slaves) after which the
Guinea fowl, Guinea grass, Guinea peach, etc.,
are named.
A gold coin of England current for twenty-
one shillings sterling, or about five dollars, but not coined since
the issue of sovereigns in 1817.
The guinea, so called from the Guinea gold out of
which it Guinea corn. (Bot.) See
Durra. -- Guinea Current
(Geog.), a current in the Atlantic Ocean setting
southwardly into the Bay of Benin on the coast of Guinea. --
Guinea dropper one who cheats by dropping
counterfeit guineas. [Obs.] Gay. -- Guinea
fowl, Guinea hen (Zoöl.),
an African gallinaceous bird, of the genus Numida, allied
to the pheasants. The common domesticated species (N.
meleagris), has a colored fleshy horn on each aide of the head,
and is of a dark gray color, variegated with small white spots. The
crested Guinea fowl (N. cristata) is a finer species. --
Guinea grains (Bot.), grains of
Paradise, or amomum. See Amomum. -- Guinea
grass (Bot.), a tall strong forage grass
(Panicum jumentorum) introduced. from Africa into the West
Indies and Southern United States. -- Guinea-hen
flower (Bot.), a liliaceous flower
(Fritillaria Meleagris) with petals spotted like the feathers
of the Guinea hen. -- Guinea peach. See
under Peach. -- Guinea pepper
(Bot.), the pods of the Xylopia aromatica, a tree
of the order Anonaceæ, found in tropical West Africa.
They are also sold under the name of Piper
Æthiopicum. --Guinea pig. [Prob. a
mistake for Guiana pig.] | ||||||||
A plant patent covers asexually reproducible plants (that is, through the use of grafts and cuttings), such as flowers. Sexually reproducible plants (that is, those that use pollination), can be monopolized under the Plant Protection Act. Both sexually and asexually reproducible plants can now also be monopolized by utility patent. Plant patents are comparatively recent innovations, the first one being granted in 1930. A plant patent is granted by the Government to an inventor (or the inventor's heirs or assigns) who has invented or discovered and asexually reproduced a distinct and new variety of plant, other than a tuber propagated plant or a plant found in an uncultivated state. The grant, which lasts for 20 years from the date of filing the application, protects the inventor's right to exclude others from asexually reproducing, selling, or using the plant so reproduced. This protection is limited to a plant in its ordinary meaning: (1) A living plant organism which expresses a set of characteristics determined by its single, genetic makeup or genotype, which can be duplicated through asexual reproduction, but which can not otherwise be "made" or "manufactured." (2) Sports, mutants, hybrids, and transformed plants are comprehended; sports or mutants may be spontaneous or induced. Hybrids may be natural, from a planned breeding program, or somatic in source. While natural plant mutants might have naturally occurred, they must have been discovered in a cultivated area. (3) Algae and macro fungi are regarded as plants, but bacteria are not. A utility patent would be filed for claims to plants, seeds, genes, etc. According to the USPTO, there were 959 plant patent applications filed in 2009.
