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In my view, the Christian religion is the most important and one of the first things in which all children, under a free government ought to be instructed... No truth is more evident to my mind than that the Christian religion must be the basis of any government intended to secure the rights and privileges of a free people. Preface to 1828 Dictionary
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VAC'UUM, n. [L.] Space empty or devoid of all matter or body. Whether there is such a thing as an absolute vacuum in nature, is a question which has been much controverted. The Peripatetics assert that nature abhors a vacuum.
A space entirely devoid of matter (called also, by
way of distinction, absolute vacuum); hence, in a more general
sense, a space, as the interior of a closed vessel, which has been
exhausted to a high or the highest degree by an air pump or other
artificial means; as, water boils at a reduced temperature in a
vacuum.
The condition of rarefaction, or reduction of
pressure below that of the atmosphere, in a vessel, as the condenser of a
steam engine, which is nearly exhausted of air or steam, etc.; as, a
vacuum of 26 inches of mercury, or 13 pounds per square
inch.
Vacuum brake, a kind of continuous brake operated by exhausting the air from some appliance under each car, and so causing the pressure of the atmosphere to apply the brakes. -- Vacuum pan (Technol.), a kind of large closed metallic retort used in sugar making for boiling down sirup. It is so connected with an exhausting apparatus that a partial vacuum is formed within. This allows the evaporation and concentration to take place at a lower atmospheric pressure and hence also at a lower temperature, which largely obviates the danger of burning the sugar, and shortens the process. -- Vacuum pump. Same as Pulsometer, 1. -- Vacuum tube (Phys.), a glass tube provided with platinum electrodes and exhausted, for the passage of the electrical discharge; a Geissler tube. -- Vacuum valve, a safety valve opening inward to admit air to a vessel in which the pressure is less than that of the atmosphere, in order to prevent collapse. -- Torricellian vacuum. See under Torricellian. | ||||||||