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Noah Webster's 1828 American Dictionary
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V  ›  varnish
V  ›  varnish
1828 Definition

V'ARNISH, n. [Low L. vernix.]

1. A thick, viscid, glossy liquid, laid on work by painters and others, to give it a smooth hard surface and a beautiful gloss. Varnishes are made of different materials and for different purposes. amber varnish is made of amber, lintseed oil, litharge and turpentine. Black varnish, for japanning wood and leather, is made by mixing lampblack with a proper quantity of a strong solution of gum-lac in spirit of wine.

2. An artificial covering to give a fair appearance to any act or conduct.

V'ARNISH, v.t.

1. To lay varnish on; to cover with a liquid, for giving any thing a glossy surface; as, to varnish a sideboard or table.

2. To cover with something that gives a fair external appearance.

Close ambition, varnish'd o'er with zeal.

3. To give a fair external appearance in words; to give a fair coloring to; as, to varnish errors or deformity.

Cato's voice was ne'er employ'd to clear the guilty, and to varnish crimes.

And bow the knee to pomp that loves to varnish guilt.
1913 Definition
Varnish (varnish)
n.(?)
Var"nish
[OE. vernish, F. vernis, LL. vernicium; akin to F. vernir to varnish, fr. (assumed) LL. vitrinire to glaze, from LL. vitrinus glassy, fr. L. vitrum glass. See Vitreous.]

  1. A viscid liquid, consisting of a solution of resinous matter in an oil or a volatile liquid, laid on work with a brush, or otherwise. When applied the varnish soon dries, either by evaporation or chemical action, and the resinous part forms thus a smooth, hard surface, with a beautiful gloss, capable of resisting, to a greater or less degree, the influences of air and moisture.

    * According to the sorts of solvents employed, the ordinary kinds of varnish are divided into three classes: spirit, turpentine, and oil varnishes. Encyc. Brit

  2. That which resembles varnish, either naturally or artificially; a glossy appearance.

    The varnish of the holly and ivy. Macaulay.

  3. An artificial covering to give a fair appearance to any act or conduct; outside show; gloss.

    And set a double varnish on the fame
    The Frenchman gave you.
    Shak.

    Varnish tree (Bot.), a tree or shrub from the juice or resin of which varnish is made, as some species of the genus Rhus, especially R. vernicifera of Japan. The black varnish of Burmah is obtained from the Melanorrhœa usitatissima, a tall East Indian tree of the Cashew family. See Copal, and Mastic.

  4. To lay varnish on] to cover with a liquid which produces, when dry, a hard, glossy surface; as, to varnish a table; to varnish a painting.
  5. To cover or conceal with something that gives a fair appearance; to give a fair coloring to by words; to gloss over; to palliate; as, to varnish guilt.
    "Beauty doth varnish age." Shak.

    Close ambition, varnished o'er with zeal. Milton.

    Cato's voice was ne'er employed
    To clear the guilty and to varnish crimes.
    Addison.


1828 dictionary
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